Predicting the establishment of Diaphorina citri and Tamarixia radiata on Citrus x aurantiifolia orchards based on the plant–psyllid–parasitoid interaction on Murraya paniculata

Abstract Background The insect vector of Huanglongbing, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Lividae) was detected in Ecuador 2013 and its main parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) reported for the first time 2017. In citrus production region Manabí province, Ecuador, D . T were on Murraya paniculata L. 2016 2018, respectively. D. found infesting Citrus x aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle province at end 2018. present study conducted between August 2018 May 2021 to: (1) monitor populations M. C determine parasitism rates nymphs both host plants, (2) establish occurrence parasitizing , (3) calculate a predictive model estimating number parasitized planting lot M C. orchard. Results decreased from 11 (2018–2019) to approximately 2 per flush (2020). This associated with natural increase T. 20% (2018) 96% 2020. regression equation ( Y = 2.049Ln ) + 5.88) able estimate based R : 0.8315). July Populations reached 55 (no parasitism) subsequently minimum level 14 (parasitism up 31%). allowed by maximum deviation nymphs. Conclusions Based colonization establishment psyllid–parasitoid interaction it is estimated that 2022, would decline due highest percentages High may indicate potential conservation biological control integrated pest management programs.